See кова on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"*kewh₂-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kewh₂-"
],
[
"*kauˀ-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Balto-Slavic/kauˀ-"
],
[
"*kovàti",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kovati"
],
[
"*kovàti",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kovati"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "sla-pro:*kovàti",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *kewh₂-\nProto-Indo-European *kowh₂-\nProto-Balto-Slavic *kauˀ-der.\nProto-Slavic *kovàti\nBulgarian кова\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*kowh₂-\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*kewh₂-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*kauˀ-\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*kovàti\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Bulgarian\", \"term\" : \"кова\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"bg\" }\" data-lang=\"bg\" data-title=\"кова\">\nInherited from Proto-Slavic *kovàti.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *kewh₂-\nProto-Indo-European *kowh₂-\nProto-Balto-Slavic *kauˀ-der.\nProto-Slavic *kovàti\nBulgarian кова\nInherited from Proto-Slavic *kovàti.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "кова́ first-singular present indicative or",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"form": "ková",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfective transitive",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "bg-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ковя́щ",
"links": [
[
"ковя́щ",
"ковящ#Bulgarian"
]
],
"roman": "kovjášt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "кова́л",
"links": [
[
"кова́л",
"ковал#Bulgarian"
]
],
"roman": "kovál",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"aorist",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ковя́л",
"links": [
[
"ковя́л",
"ковял#Bulgarian"
]
],
"roman": "kovjál",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperfect",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "кова́н",
"links": [
[
"кова́н",
"кован#Bulgarian"
]
],
"roman": "kován",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"participle",
"passive",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "кове́йки",
"links": [
[
"кове́йки",
"ковейки#Bulgarian"
]
],
"roman": "kovéjki",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"participle"
]
},
{
"form": "ковя́щият",
"links": [
[
"ковя́щият",
"ковящият#Bulgarian"
]
],
"roman": "kovjáštijat",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"definite",
"masculine",
"participle",
"present",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "кова́лият",
"links": [
[
"кова́лият",
"ковалият#Bulgarian"
]
],
"roman": "koválijat",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"aorist",
"definite",
"masculine",
"participle",
"past",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"definite",
"imperfect",
"masculine",
"participle",
"past",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "кова́ният",
"links": [
[
"кова́ният",
"кованият#Bulgarian"
]
],
"roman": "kovánijat",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"definite",
"masculine",
"participle",
"passive",
"past",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "кове́йки",
"links": [
[
"кове́йки",
"ковейки#Bulgarian"
]
],
"roman": "kovéjki",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"definite",
"masculine",
"participle",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "ковя́щия",
"links": [
[
"ковя́щия",
"ковящия#Bulgarian"
]
],
"roman": "kovjáštija",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"definite",
"masculine",
"objective",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "кова́лия",
"links": [
[
"кова́лия",
"ковалия#Bulgarian"
]
],
"roman": "koválija",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"aorist",
"definite",
"masculine",
"objective",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"definite",
"imperfect",
"masculine",
"objective",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "кова́ния",
"links": [
[
"кова́ния",
"кования#Bulgarian"
]
],
"roman": "kovánija",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"definite",
"masculine",
"objective",
"participle",
"passive",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "кове́йки",
"links": [
[
"кове́йки",
"ковейки#Bulgarian"
]
],
"roman": "kovéjki",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"definite",
"masculine",
"objective",
"participle"
]
},
{
"form": "ковя́ща",
"links": [
[
"ковя́ща",
"ковяща#Bulgarian"
]
],
"roman": "kovjášta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "кова́ла",
"links": [
[
"кова́ла",
"ковала#Bulgarian"
]
],
"roman": "kovála",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"aorist",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ковя́ла",
"links": [
[
"ковя́ла",
"ковяла#Bulgarian"
]
],
"roman": "kovjála",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"feminine",
"imperfect",
"indefinite",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "кова́на",
"links": [
[
"кова́на",
"кована#Bulgarian"
]
],
"roman": "kována",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"participle",
"passive",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "кове́йки",
"links": [
[
"кове́йки",
"ковейки#Bulgarian"
]
],
"roman": "kovéjki",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"participle"
]
},
{
"form": "ковя́щата",
"links": [
[
"ковя́щата",
"ковящата#Bulgarian"
]
],
"roman": "kovjáštata",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"definite",
"feminine",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "кова́лата",
"links": [
[
"кова́лата",
"ковалата#Bulgarian"
]
],
"roman": "koválata",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"aorist",
"definite",
"feminine",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"definite",
"feminine",
"imperfect",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "кова́ната",
"links": [
[
"кова́ната",
"кованата#Bulgarian"
]
],
"roman": "kovánata",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"definite",
"feminine",
"participle",
"passive",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "кове́йки",
"links": [
[
"кове́йки",
"ковейки#Bulgarian"
]
],
"roman": "kovéjki",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"definite",
"feminine",
"participle"
]
},
{
"form": "ковя́що",
"links": [
[
"ковя́що",
"ковящо#Bulgarian"
]
],
"roman": "kovjášto",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "кова́ло",
"links": [
[
"кова́ло",
"ковало#Bulgarian"
]
],
"roman": "koválo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"aorist",
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ковя́ло",
"links": [
[
"ковя́ло",
"ковяло#Bulgarian"
]
],
"roman": "kovjálo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperfect",
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "кова́но",
"links": [
[
"кова́но",
"ковано#Bulgarian"
]
],
"roman": "kováno",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"participle",
"passive",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "кова́не",
"links": [
[
"кова́не",
"коване#Bulgarian"
]
],
"roman": "kováne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "кове́йки",
"links": [
[
"кове́йки",
"ковейки#Bulgarian"
]
],
"roman": "kovéjki",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"participle"
]
},
{
"form": "ковя́щото",
"links": [
[
"ковя́щото",
"ковящото#Bulgarian"
]
],
"roman": "kovjáštoto",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"definite",
"neuter",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "кова́лото",
"links": [
[
"кова́лото",
"ковалото#Bulgarian"
]
],
"roman": "kováloto",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"aorist",
"definite",
"neuter",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"definite",
"imperfect",
"neuter",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "кова́ното",
"links": [
[
"кова́ното",
"кованото#Bulgarian"
]
],
"roman": "kovánoto",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"definite",
"neuter",
"participle",
"passive",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "кова́нето",
"links": [
[
"кова́нето",
"коването#Bulgarian"
]
],
"roman": "kováneto",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"definite",
"neuter",
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "кове́йки",
"links": [
[
"кове́йки",
"ковейки#Bulgarian"
]
],
"roman": "kovéjki",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"definite",
"neuter",
"participle"
]
},
{
"form": "ковя́щи",
"links": [
[
"ковя́щи",
"ковящи#Bulgarian"
]
],
"roman": "kovjášti",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indefinite",
"participle",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "кова́ли",
"links": [
[
"кова́ли",
"ковали#Bulgarian"
]
],
"roman": "kováli",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"aorist",
"indefinite",
"participle",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кове́ли",
"links": [
[
"кове́ли",
"ковели#Bulgarian"
]
],
"roman": "kovéli",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperfect",
"indefinite",
"participle",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кова́ни",
"links": [
[
"кова́ни",
"ковани#Bulgarian"
]
],
"roman": "kováni",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"participle",
"passive",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кова́ния",
"links": [
[
"кова́ния",
"кования#Bulgarian"
]
],
"roman": "kovánija",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"noun-from-verb",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кова́нета",
"links": [
[
"кова́нета",
"кованета#Bulgarian"
]
],
"roman": "kováneta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"noun-from-verb",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кове́йки",
"links": [
[
"кове́йки",
"ковейки#Bulgarian"
]
],
"roman": "kovéjki",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"indefinite",
"participle",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ковя́щите",
"links": [
[
"ковя́щите",
"ковящите#Bulgarian"
]
],
"roman": "kovjáštite",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"definite",
"participle",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "кова́лите",
"links": [
[
"кова́лите",
"ковалите#Bulgarian"
]
],
"roman": "koválite",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"aorist",
"definite",
"participle",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"definite",
"imperfect",
"participle",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кова́ните",
"links": [
[
"кова́ните",
"кованите#Bulgarian"
]
],
"roman": "kovánite",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"definite",
"participle",
"passive",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кова́нията",
"links": [
[
"кова́нията",
"кованията#Bulgarian"
]
],
"roman": "kovánijata",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"definite",
"noun-from-verb",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кова́нетата",
"links": [
[
"кова́нетата",
"кованетата#Bulgarian"
]
],
"roman": "kovánetata",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"definite",
"noun-from-verb",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кове́йки",
"links": [
[
"кове́йки",
"ковейки#Bulgarian"
]
],
"roman": "kovéjki",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"definite",
"participle",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfective transitive",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "bg-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "кова́",
"links": [
[
"кова́",
"кова#Bulgarian"
]
],
"roman": "ková",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кове́ш",
"links": [
[
"кове́ш",
"ковеш#Bulgarian"
]
],
"roman": "kovéš",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кове́",
"links": [
[
"кове́",
"кове#Bulgarian"
]
],
"roman": "kové",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "кове́м",
"links": [
[
"кове́м",
"ковем#Bulgarian"
]
],
"roman": "kovém",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "кове́те",
"links": [
[
"кове́те",
"ковете#Bulgarian"
]
],
"roman": "kovéte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "кова́т",
"links": [
[
"кова́т",
"коват#Bulgarian"
]
],
"roman": "kovát",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ковя́х",
"links": [
[
"ковя́х",
"ковях#Bulgarian"
]
],
"roman": "kovjáh",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кове́ше",
"links": [
[
"кове́ше",
"ковеше#Bulgarian"
]
],
"roman": "kovéše",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кове́ше",
"links": [
[
"кове́ше",
"ковеше#Bulgarian"
]
],
"roman": "kovéše",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ковя́хме",
"links": [
[
"ковя́хме",
"ковяхме#Bulgarian"
]
],
"roman": "kovjáhme",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ковя́хте",
"links": [
[
"ковя́хте",
"ковяхте#Bulgarian"
]
],
"roman": "kovjáhte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ковя́ха",
"links": [
[
"ковя́ха",
"ковяха#Bulgarian"
]
],
"roman": "kovjáha",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "кова́х",
"links": [
[
"кова́х",
"ковах#Bulgarian"
]
],
"roman": "kováh",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кова́",
"links": [
[
"кова́",
"кова#Bulgarian"
]
],
"roman": "ková",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кова́",
"links": [
[
"кова́",
"кова#Bulgarian"
]
],
"roman": "ková",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "кова́хме",
"links": [
[
"кова́хме",
"ковахме#Bulgarian"
]
],
"roman": "kováhme",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кова́хте",
"links": [
[
"кова́хте",
"ковахте#Bulgarian"
]
],
"roman": "kováhte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "кова́ха",
"links": [
[
"кова́ха",
"коваха#Bulgarian"
]
],
"roman": "kováha",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "none",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dubitative",
"past",
"perfect",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "кови́",
"links": [
[
"кови́",
"кови#Bulgarian"
]
],
"roman": "koví",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кове́те",
"links": [
[
"кове́те",
"ковете#Bulgarian"
]
],
"roman": "kovéte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "кова́",
"2": "impf"
},
"expansion": "кова́ • (ková) first-singular present indicative, impf",
"name": "bg-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "кова́<1.2.impf.tr.vna>"
},
"name": "bg-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "53 15 9 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Bulgarian entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "53 15 9 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Bulgarian entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "82 9 1 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Bulgarian entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "66 16 9 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Bulgarian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "63 12 12 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "70 10 8 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "82 6 5 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "52 14 10 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "64 12 10 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The blacksmith forges the iron while it is hot.",
"roman": "Kovačăt kove željazoto, dokato e gorešto.",
"text": "Ковачът кове желязото, докато е горещо.",
"translation": "The blacksmith forges the iron while it is hot.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "He forges horseshoes for the horses.",
"roman": "Toj kove podkovi za konete.",
"text": "Той кове подкови за конете.",
"translation": "He forges horseshoes for the horses.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "In the workshop they forged knives and tools all day.",
"roman": "V rabotilnicata cjal den kovjaha nožove i sečiva.",
"text": "В работилницата цял ден ковяха ножове и сечива.",
"translation": "In the workshop they forged knives and tools all day.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "The craftsman hammers the metal with a heavy hammer.",
"roman": "Majstorăt kove metala s težăk čuk.",
"text": "Майсторът кове метала с тежък чук.",
"translation": "The craftsman hammers the metal with a heavy hammer.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "They forged grilles and doors from the heated iron.",
"roman": "Ot nagoreštenoto željazo kovjaha rešetki i vrati.",
"text": "От нагорещеното желязо ковяха решетки и врати.",
"translation": "They forged grilles and doors from the heated iron.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Wrought iron was used for fences and decoration.",
"roman": "Kovano željazo se izpolzvaše za ogradi i ukrasa.",
"text": "Ковано желязо се използваше за огради и украса.",
"translation": "Wrought iron was used for fences and decoration.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to forge, to hammer, to smith, to beat into shape (to strike heated metal with a hammer in order to shape it or make an object)"
],
"id": "en-кова-bg-verb-CXVb68SY",
"links": [
[
"forge",
"forge"
],
[
"hammer",
"hammer"
],
[
"smith",
"smith"
],
[
"beat into shape",
"beat into shape"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to forge, to hammer, to smith, to beat into shape (to strike heated metal with a hammer in order to shape it or make an object)"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The people forge their own destiny.",
"roman": "Narodăt sam kove sădbata si.",
"text": "Народът сам кове съдбата си.",
"translation": "The people forge their own destiny.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "They forged their future with work and perseverance.",
"roman": "Te kovjaha bădešteto si s trud i postojanstvo.",
"text": "Те ковяха бъдещето си с труд и постоянство.",
"translation": "They forged their future with work and perseverance.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "In hard times, a person’s character is forged.",
"roman": "V težki vremena se kove harakterăt na čoveka.",
"text": "В тежки времена се кове характерът на човека.",
"translation": "In hard times, a person’s character is forged.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Victory is forged through discipline, preparation, and will.",
"roman": "Pobedata se kove s disciplina, podgotovka i volja.",
"text": "Победата се кове с дисциплина, подготовка и воля.",
"translation": "Victory is forged through discipline, preparation, and will.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "In secret meetings they were forging a plan for an uprising.",
"roman": "V tajni srešti te kovjaha plan za văstanie.",
"text": "В тайни срещи те ковяха план за въстание.",
"translation": "In secret meetings they were forging a plan for an uprising.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to forge, to create, to shape, to build, to form, to fashion, to make, to mould, to mold (to create, shape, or build something gradually and purposefully, especially a future, fate, plan, victory, or character)"
],
"id": "en-кова-bg-verb-UgCPQmB7",
"links": [
[
"forge",
"forge"
],
[
"create",
"create"
],
[
"shape",
"shape"
],
[
"build",
"build"
],
[
"form",
"form"
],
[
"fashion",
"fashion"
],
[
"make",
"make"
],
[
"mould",
"mould"
],
[
"mold",
"mold"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, figurative) to forge, to create, to shape, to build, to form, to fashion, to make, to mould, to mold (to create, shape, or build something gradually and purposefully, especially a future, fate, plan, victory, or character)"
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "She again started hammering at him to go abroad.",
"roman": "Pak započna da go kove da zamine v čužbina.",
"text": "Пак започна да го кове да замине в чужбина.",
"translation": "She again started hammering at him to go abroad.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "The teacher kept drilling the same rule into us until we remembered it.",
"roman": "Učiteljat ni koveše edno i săšto pravilo, dokato go zapomnim.",
"text": "Учителят ни ковеше едно и също правило, докато го запомним.",
"translation": "The teacher kept drilling the same rule into us until we remembered it.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Since childhood they had hammered into his head that he had to be first.",
"roman": "Ot malăk mu kovjaha v glavata, če trjabva da băde părvi.",
"text": "От малък му ковяха в главата, че трябва да бъде първи.",
"translation": "Since childhood they had hammered into his head that he had to be first.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to indoctrinate (to repeatedly urge, suggest, or impress something upon someone)"
],
"id": "en-кова-bg-verb-vpgkpb1I",
"links": [
[
"indoctrinate",
"indoctrinate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, figurative, colloquial) to indoctrinate (to repeatedly urge, suggest, or impress something upon someone)"
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"figuratively",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[koˈvɤ]"
},
{
"ipa": "[koˈva]"
}
],
"word": "кова"
}
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"*kewh₂-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kewh₂-"
],
[
"*kauˀ-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Balto-Slavic/kauˀ-"
],
[
"*kovàti",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kovati"
],
[
"*kovàti",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kovati"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "sla-pro:*kovàti",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *kewh₂-\nProto-Indo-European *kowh₂-\nProto-Balto-Slavic *kauˀ-der.\nProto-Slavic *kovàti\nBulgarian кова\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*kowh₂-\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*kewh₂-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*kauˀ-\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*kovàti\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Bulgarian\", \"term\" : \"кова\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"bg\" }\" data-lang=\"bg\" data-title=\"кова\">\nInherited from Proto-Slavic *kovàti.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *kewh₂-\nProto-Indo-European *kowh₂-\nProto-Balto-Slavic *kauˀ-der.\nProto-Slavic *kovàti\nBulgarian кова\nInherited from Proto-Slavic *kovàti.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "кова́",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "ková",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "verb form",
"head": "кова́"
},
"expansion": "кова́ • (ková)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Forms linking to themselves",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "ková",
"word": "кова́"
}
],
"glosses": [
"second/third-person singular aorist indicative of кова́ (ková)"
],
"id": "en-кова-bg-verb-S0o8hllj",
"links": [
[
"кова́",
"кова#Bulgarian"
]
],
"tags": [
"aorist",
"form-of",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[koˈvɤ]"
},
{
"ipa": "[koˈva]"
}
],
"word": "кова"
}
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"*kovati",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kovati"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*kovati",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *kovati",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*kovati"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kovati",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kovati.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "кова third-singular present or",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"form": "kova",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "закова",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfective present",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "m",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ковал",
"roman": "koval",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "кован",
"roman": "kovan",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adjectival",
"aorist",
"participle"
]
},
{
"form": "ковала",
"roman": "kovala",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"imperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "ковајќи",
"roman": "kovajḱi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"aorist",
"participle"
]
},
{
"form": "ковало",
"roman": "kovalo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "ковање",
"roman": "kovanje",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "ковале",
"roman": "kovale",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ковано",
"roman": "kovano",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"participle",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "ковам",
"roman": "kovam",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ковав",
"roman": "kovav",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"first-person",
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "коваш",
"roman": "kovaš",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "коваше",
"roman": "kovaše",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ковај",
"roman": "kovaj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кова",
"roman": "kova",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "коваше",
"roman": "kovaše",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "коваме",
"roman": "kovame",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "ковавме",
"roman": "kovavme",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ковате",
"roman": "kovate",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ковавте",
"roman": "kovavte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ковајте",
"roman": "kovajte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "коваат",
"roman": "kovaat",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "коваа",
"roman": "kovaa",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "сум ковал",
"roman": "sum koval",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "present of сум (except in the 3ʳᵈ person) +",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "present of сум (except in the 3ʳᵈ person) +",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfect l-participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfect l-participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "имам ковано",
"roman": "imam kovano",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"present",
"има"
]
},
{
"form": "present of има + perfect participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"има"
]
},
{
"form": "present of има + perfect participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"има"
]
},
{
"form": "бев ковал",
"roman": "bev koval",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfect of сум + imperfect l-participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfect of сум + imperfect l-participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "имав ковано",
"roman": "imav kovano",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"present",
"има"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfect of има + perfect participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"има"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfect of има + perfect participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"има"
]
},
{
"form": "сум имал ковано",
"roman": "sum imal kovano",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"present",
"reported",
"има"
]
},
{
"form": "perfect of има + perfect participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"reported",
"има"
]
},
{
"form": "perfect of има + perfect participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"reported",
"има"
]
},
{
"form": "ќе ковам",
"roman": "ḱe kovam",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"imperfect",
"multiword-construction",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "ќе + present",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"future",
"multiword-construction"
]
},
{
"form": "ќе + present",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"imperative",
"multiword-construction"
]
},
{
"form": "ќе имам ковано",
"roman": "ḱe imam kovano",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"imperfect",
"multiword-construction",
"present",
"има"
]
},
{
"form": "future of има + perfect participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"future",
"multiword-construction",
"има"
]
},
{
"form": "future of има + perfect participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"imperative",
"multiword-construction",
"има"
]
},
{
"form": "ќе ковав",
"roman": "ḱe kovav",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"multiword-construction",
"past-future",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "ќе + imperfect",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"multiword-construction",
"past-future"
]
},
{
"form": "ќе + imperfect",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"multiword-construction",
"past-future"
]
},
{
"form": "ќе имав ковано",
"roman": "ḱe imav kovano",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"imperfect",
"multiword-construction",
"past",
"present",
"има"
]
},
{
"form": "future in the past of има + perfect participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"future",
"multiword-construction",
"past",
"има"
]
},
{
"form": "future in the past of има + perfect participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"imperative",
"multiword-construction",
"past",
"има"
]
},
{
"form": "ќе сум ковал",
"roman": "ḱe sum koval",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"imperfect",
"multiword-construction",
"present",
"reported"
]
},
{
"form": "ќе + imperfect l-participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"future",
"multiword-construction",
"reported"
]
},
{
"form": "ќе + imperfect l-participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"multiword-construction",
"reported"
]
},
{
"form": "ќе сум имал ковано",
"roman": "ḱe sum imal kovano",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"imperfect",
"multiword-construction",
"present",
"reported",
"има"
]
},
{
"form": "future reported of има + perfect participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"future",
"multiword-construction",
"reported",
"има"
]
},
{
"form": "future reported of има + perfect participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"multiword-construction",
"reported",
"има"
]
},
{
"form": "би ковал",
"roman": "bi koval",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"imperfect",
"multiword-construction",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "би + imperfect l-participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"conditional",
"multiword-construction"
]
},
{
"form": "би + imperfect l-participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"multiword-construction"
]
},
{
"form": "би имал ковано",
"roman": "bi imal kovano",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"imperfect",
"multiword-construction",
"present",
"има"
]
},
{
"form": "conditional of има + perfect participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"conditional",
"multiword-construction",
"има"
]
},
{
"form": "conditional of има + perfect participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"multiword-construction",
"има"
]
},
{
"form": "кове",
"roman": "kove",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "impf",
"pf": "закова"
},
"expansion": "кова • (kova) third-singular present, impf (perfective закова)",
"name": "mk-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Macedonian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Macedonian verbs in -а",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to hammer, nail down, forge"
],
"id": "en-кова-mk-verb-TZmqM3lU",
"links": [
[
"hammer",
"hammer"
],
[
"nail down",
"nail down"
],
[
"forge",
"forge"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to hammer, nail down, forge"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈkɔva]"
}
],
"word": "кова"
}
{
"categories": [
"Bulgarian 2-syllable words",
"Bulgarian conjugation 1.2 verbs",
"Bulgarian entries with etymology texts",
"Bulgarian entries with etymology trees",
"Bulgarian entries with etymon",
"Bulgarian entries with incorrect language header",
"Bulgarian imperfective verbs",
"Bulgarian lemmas",
"Bulgarian non-lemma forms",
"Bulgarian terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Bulgarian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Bulgarian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Bulgarian terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *kewh₂-",
"Bulgarian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Bulgarian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Bulgarian transitive verbs",
"Bulgarian verb forms",
"Bulgarian verbs",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon"
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*kewh₂-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kewh₂-"
],
[
"*kauˀ-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Balto-Slavic/kauˀ-"
],
[
"*kovàti",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kovati"
],
[
"*kovàti",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kovati"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "sla-pro:*kovàti",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *kewh₂-\nProto-Indo-European *kowh₂-\nProto-Balto-Slavic *kauˀ-der.\nProto-Slavic *kovàti\nBulgarian кова\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*kowh₂-\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*kewh₂-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*kauˀ-\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*kovàti\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Bulgarian\", \"term\" : \"кова\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"bg\" }\" data-lang=\"bg\" data-title=\"кова\">\nInherited from Proto-Slavic *kovàti.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *kewh₂-\nProto-Indo-European *kowh₂-\nProto-Balto-Slavic *kauˀ-der.\nProto-Slavic *kovàti\nBulgarian кова\nInherited from Proto-Slavic *kovàti.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "кова́ first-singular present indicative or",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"form": "ková",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfective transitive",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "bg-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ковя́щ",
"links": [
[
"ковя́щ",
"ковящ#Bulgarian"
]
],
"roman": "kovjášt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "кова́л",
"links": [
[
"кова́л",
"ковал#Bulgarian"
]
],
"roman": "kovál",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"aorist",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ковя́л",
"links": [
[
"ковя́л",
"ковял#Bulgarian"
]
],
"roman": "kovjál",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperfect",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "кова́н",
"links": [
[
"кова́н",
"кован#Bulgarian"
]
],
"roman": "kován",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"participle",
"passive",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "кове́йки",
"links": [
[
"кове́йки",
"ковейки#Bulgarian"
]
],
"roman": "kovéjki",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"participle"
]
},
{
"form": "ковя́щият",
"links": [
[
"ковя́щият",
"ковящият#Bulgarian"
]
],
"roman": "kovjáštijat",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"definite",
"masculine",
"participle",
"present",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "кова́лият",
"links": [
[
"кова́лият",
"ковалият#Bulgarian"
]
],
"roman": "koválijat",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"aorist",
"definite",
"masculine",
"participle",
"past",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"definite",
"imperfect",
"masculine",
"participle",
"past",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "кова́ният",
"links": [
[
"кова́ният",
"кованият#Bulgarian"
]
],
"roman": "kovánijat",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"definite",
"masculine",
"participle",
"passive",
"past",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "кове́йки",
"links": [
[
"кове́йки",
"ковейки#Bulgarian"
]
],
"roman": "kovéjki",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"definite",
"masculine",
"participle",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "ковя́щия",
"links": [
[
"ковя́щия",
"ковящия#Bulgarian"
]
],
"roman": "kovjáštija",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"definite",
"masculine",
"objective",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "кова́лия",
"links": [
[
"кова́лия",
"ковалия#Bulgarian"
]
],
"roman": "koválija",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"aorist",
"definite",
"masculine",
"objective",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"definite",
"imperfect",
"masculine",
"objective",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "кова́ния",
"links": [
[
"кова́ния",
"кования#Bulgarian"
]
],
"roman": "kovánija",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"definite",
"masculine",
"objective",
"participle",
"passive",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "кове́йки",
"links": [
[
"кове́йки",
"ковейки#Bulgarian"
]
],
"roman": "kovéjki",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"definite",
"masculine",
"objective",
"participle"
]
},
{
"form": "ковя́ща",
"links": [
[
"ковя́ща",
"ковяща#Bulgarian"
]
],
"roman": "kovjášta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "кова́ла",
"links": [
[
"кова́ла",
"ковала#Bulgarian"
]
],
"roman": "kovála",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"aorist",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ковя́ла",
"links": [
[
"ковя́ла",
"ковяла#Bulgarian"
]
],
"roman": "kovjála",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"feminine",
"imperfect",
"indefinite",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "кова́на",
"links": [
[
"кова́на",
"кована#Bulgarian"
]
],
"roman": "kována",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"participle",
"passive",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "кове́йки",
"links": [
[
"кове́йки",
"ковейки#Bulgarian"
]
],
"roman": "kovéjki",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"participle"
]
},
{
"form": "ковя́щата",
"links": [
[
"ковя́щата",
"ковящата#Bulgarian"
]
],
"roman": "kovjáštata",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"definite",
"feminine",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "кова́лата",
"links": [
[
"кова́лата",
"ковалата#Bulgarian"
]
],
"roman": "koválata",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"aorist",
"definite",
"feminine",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"definite",
"feminine",
"imperfect",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "кова́ната",
"links": [
[
"кова́ната",
"кованата#Bulgarian"
]
],
"roman": "kovánata",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"definite",
"feminine",
"participle",
"passive",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "кове́йки",
"links": [
[
"кове́йки",
"ковейки#Bulgarian"
]
],
"roman": "kovéjki",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"definite",
"feminine",
"participle"
]
},
{
"form": "ковя́що",
"links": [
[
"ковя́що",
"ковящо#Bulgarian"
]
],
"roman": "kovjášto",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "кова́ло",
"links": [
[
"кова́ло",
"ковало#Bulgarian"
]
],
"roman": "koválo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"aorist",
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ковя́ло",
"links": [
[
"ковя́ло",
"ковяло#Bulgarian"
]
],
"roman": "kovjálo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperfect",
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "кова́но",
"links": [
[
"кова́но",
"ковано#Bulgarian"
]
],
"roman": "kováno",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"participle",
"passive",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "кова́не",
"links": [
[
"кова́не",
"коване#Bulgarian"
]
],
"roman": "kováne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "кове́йки",
"links": [
[
"кове́йки",
"ковейки#Bulgarian"
]
],
"roman": "kovéjki",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"participle"
]
},
{
"form": "ковя́щото",
"links": [
[
"ковя́щото",
"ковящото#Bulgarian"
]
],
"roman": "kovjáštoto",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"definite",
"neuter",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "кова́лото",
"links": [
[
"кова́лото",
"ковалото#Bulgarian"
]
],
"roman": "kováloto",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"aorist",
"definite",
"neuter",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"definite",
"imperfect",
"neuter",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "кова́ното",
"links": [
[
"кова́ното",
"кованото#Bulgarian"
]
],
"roman": "kovánoto",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"definite",
"neuter",
"participle",
"passive",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "кова́нето",
"links": [
[
"кова́нето",
"коването#Bulgarian"
]
],
"roman": "kováneto",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"definite",
"neuter",
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "кове́йки",
"links": [
[
"кове́йки",
"ковейки#Bulgarian"
]
],
"roman": "kovéjki",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"definite",
"neuter",
"participle"
]
},
{
"form": "ковя́щи",
"links": [
[
"ковя́щи",
"ковящи#Bulgarian"
]
],
"roman": "kovjášti",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indefinite",
"participle",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "кова́ли",
"links": [
[
"кова́ли",
"ковали#Bulgarian"
]
],
"roman": "kováli",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"aorist",
"indefinite",
"participle",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кове́ли",
"links": [
[
"кове́ли",
"ковели#Bulgarian"
]
],
"roman": "kovéli",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperfect",
"indefinite",
"participle",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кова́ни",
"links": [
[
"кова́ни",
"ковани#Bulgarian"
]
],
"roman": "kováni",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"participle",
"passive",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кова́ния",
"links": [
[
"кова́ния",
"кования#Bulgarian"
]
],
"roman": "kovánija",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"noun-from-verb",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кова́нета",
"links": [
[
"кова́нета",
"кованета#Bulgarian"
]
],
"roman": "kováneta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"noun-from-verb",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кове́йки",
"links": [
[
"кове́йки",
"ковейки#Bulgarian"
]
],
"roman": "kovéjki",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"indefinite",
"participle",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ковя́щите",
"links": [
[
"ковя́щите",
"ковящите#Bulgarian"
]
],
"roman": "kovjáštite",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"definite",
"participle",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "кова́лите",
"links": [
[
"кова́лите",
"ковалите#Bulgarian"
]
],
"roman": "koválite",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"aorist",
"definite",
"participle",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"definite",
"imperfect",
"participle",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кова́ните",
"links": [
[
"кова́ните",
"кованите#Bulgarian"
]
],
"roman": "kovánite",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"definite",
"participle",
"passive",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кова́нията",
"links": [
[
"кова́нията",
"кованията#Bulgarian"
]
],
"roman": "kovánijata",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"definite",
"noun-from-verb",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кова́нетата",
"links": [
[
"кова́нетата",
"кованетата#Bulgarian"
]
],
"roman": "kovánetata",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"definite",
"noun-from-verb",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кове́йки",
"links": [
[
"кове́йки",
"ковейки#Bulgarian"
]
],
"roman": "kovéjki",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"definite",
"participle",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfective transitive",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "bg-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "кова́",
"links": [
[
"кова́",
"кова#Bulgarian"
]
],
"roman": "ková",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кове́ш",
"links": [
[
"кове́ш",
"ковеш#Bulgarian"
]
],
"roman": "kovéš",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кове́",
"links": [
[
"кове́",
"кове#Bulgarian"
]
],
"roman": "kové",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "кове́м",
"links": [
[
"кове́м",
"ковем#Bulgarian"
]
],
"roman": "kovém",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "кове́те",
"links": [
[
"кове́те",
"ковете#Bulgarian"
]
],
"roman": "kovéte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "кова́т",
"links": [
[
"кова́т",
"коват#Bulgarian"
]
],
"roman": "kovát",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ковя́х",
"links": [
[
"ковя́х",
"ковях#Bulgarian"
]
],
"roman": "kovjáh",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кове́ше",
"links": [
[
"кове́ше",
"ковеше#Bulgarian"
]
],
"roman": "kovéše",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кове́ше",
"links": [
[
"кове́ше",
"ковеше#Bulgarian"
]
],
"roman": "kovéše",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ковя́хме",
"links": [
[
"ковя́хме",
"ковяхме#Bulgarian"
]
],
"roman": "kovjáhme",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ковя́хте",
"links": [
[
"ковя́хте",
"ковяхте#Bulgarian"
]
],
"roman": "kovjáhte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ковя́ха",
"links": [
[
"ковя́ха",
"ковяха#Bulgarian"
]
],
"roman": "kovjáha",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "кова́х",
"links": [
[
"кова́х",
"ковах#Bulgarian"
]
],
"roman": "kováh",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кова́",
"links": [
[
"кова́",
"кова#Bulgarian"
]
],
"roman": "ková",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кова́",
"links": [
[
"кова́",
"кова#Bulgarian"
]
],
"roman": "ková",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "кова́хме",
"links": [
[
"кова́хме",
"ковахме#Bulgarian"
]
],
"roman": "kováhme",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кова́хте",
"links": [
[
"кова́хте",
"ковахте#Bulgarian"
]
],
"roman": "kováhte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "кова́ха",
"links": [
[
"кова́ха",
"коваха#Bulgarian"
]
],
"roman": "kováha",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "none",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dubitative",
"past",
"perfect",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "кови́",
"links": [
[
"кови́",
"кови#Bulgarian"
]
],
"roman": "koví",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кове́те",
"links": [
[
"кове́те",
"ковете#Bulgarian"
]
],
"roman": "kovéte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "кова́",
"2": "impf"
},
"expansion": "кова́ • (ková) first-singular present indicative, impf",
"name": "bg-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "кова́<1.2.impf.tr.vna>"
},
"name": "bg-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Bulgarian terms with usage examples",
"Bulgarian transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The blacksmith forges the iron while it is hot.",
"roman": "Kovačăt kove željazoto, dokato e gorešto.",
"text": "Ковачът кове желязото, докато е горещо.",
"translation": "The blacksmith forges the iron while it is hot.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "He forges horseshoes for the horses.",
"roman": "Toj kove podkovi za konete.",
"text": "Той кове подкови за конете.",
"translation": "He forges horseshoes for the horses.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "In the workshop they forged knives and tools all day.",
"roman": "V rabotilnicata cjal den kovjaha nožove i sečiva.",
"text": "В работилницата цял ден ковяха ножове и сечива.",
"translation": "In the workshop they forged knives and tools all day.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "The craftsman hammers the metal with a heavy hammer.",
"roman": "Majstorăt kove metala s težăk čuk.",
"text": "Майсторът кове метала с тежък чук.",
"translation": "The craftsman hammers the metal with a heavy hammer.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "They forged grilles and doors from the heated iron.",
"roman": "Ot nagoreštenoto željazo kovjaha rešetki i vrati.",
"text": "От нагорещеното желязо ковяха решетки и врати.",
"translation": "They forged grilles and doors from the heated iron.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Wrought iron was used for fences and decoration.",
"roman": "Kovano željazo se izpolzvaše za ogradi i ukrasa.",
"text": "Ковано желязо се използваше за огради и украса.",
"translation": "Wrought iron was used for fences and decoration.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to forge, to hammer, to smith, to beat into shape (to strike heated metal with a hammer in order to shape it or make an object)"
],
"links": [
[
"forge",
"forge"
],
[
"hammer",
"hammer"
],
[
"smith",
"smith"
],
[
"beat into shape",
"beat into shape"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to forge, to hammer, to smith, to beat into shape (to strike heated metal with a hammer in order to shape it or make an object)"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Bulgarian terms with usage examples",
"Bulgarian transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The people forge their own destiny.",
"roman": "Narodăt sam kove sădbata si.",
"text": "Народът сам кове съдбата си.",
"translation": "The people forge their own destiny.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "They forged their future with work and perseverance.",
"roman": "Te kovjaha bădešteto si s trud i postojanstvo.",
"text": "Те ковяха бъдещето си с труд и постоянство.",
"translation": "They forged their future with work and perseverance.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "In hard times, a person’s character is forged.",
"roman": "V težki vremena se kove harakterăt na čoveka.",
"text": "В тежки времена се кове характерът на човека.",
"translation": "In hard times, a person’s character is forged.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Victory is forged through discipline, preparation, and will.",
"roman": "Pobedata se kove s disciplina, podgotovka i volja.",
"text": "Победата се кове с дисциплина, подготовка и воля.",
"translation": "Victory is forged through discipline, preparation, and will.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "In secret meetings they were forging a plan for an uprising.",
"roman": "V tajni srešti te kovjaha plan za văstanie.",
"text": "В тайни срещи те ковяха план за въстание.",
"translation": "In secret meetings they were forging a plan for an uprising.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to forge, to create, to shape, to build, to form, to fashion, to make, to mould, to mold (to create, shape, or build something gradually and purposefully, especially a future, fate, plan, victory, or character)"
],
"links": [
[
"forge",
"forge"
],
[
"create",
"create"
],
[
"shape",
"shape"
],
[
"build",
"build"
],
[
"form",
"form"
],
[
"fashion",
"fashion"
],
[
"make",
"make"
],
[
"mould",
"mould"
],
[
"mold",
"mold"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, figurative) to forge, to create, to shape, to build, to form, to fashion, to make, to mould, to mold (to create, shape, or build something gradually and purposefully, especially a future, fate, plan, victory, or character)"
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Bulgarian colloquialisms",
"Bulgarian terms with usage examples",
"Bulgarian transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "She again started hammering at him to go abroad.",
"roman": "Pak započna da go kove da zamine v čužbina.",
"text": "Пак започна да го кове да замине в чужбина.",
"translation": "She again started hammering at him to go abroad.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "The teacher kept drilling the same rule into us until we remembered it.",
"roman": "Učiteljat ni koveše edno i săšto pravilo, dokato go zapomnim.",
"text": "Учителят ни ковеше едно и също правило, докато го запомним.",
"translation": "The teacher kept drilling the same rule into us until we remembered it.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Since childhood they had hammered into his head that he had to be first.",
"roman": "Ot malăk mu kovjaha v glavata, če trjabva da băde părvi.",
"text": "От малък му ковяха в главата, че трябва да бъде първи.",
"translation": "Since childhood they had hammered into his head that he had to be first.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to indoctrinate (to repeatedly urge, suggest, or impress something upon someone)"
],
"links": [
[
"indoctrinate",
"indoctrinate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, figurative, colloquial) to indoctrinate (to repeatedly urge, suggest, or impress something upon someone)"
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"figuratively",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[koˈvɤ]"
},
{
"ipa": "[koˈva]"
}
],
"word": "кова"
}
{
"categories": [
"Bulgarian 2-syllable words",
"Bulgarian conjugation 1.2 verbs",
"Bulgarian entries with etymology texts",
"Bulgarian entries with etymology trees",
"Bulgarian entries with etymon",
"Bulgarian entries with incorrect language header",
"Bulgarian imperfective verbs",
"Bulgarian lemmas",
"Bulgarian non-lemma forms",
"Bulgarian terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Bulgarian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Bulgarian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Bulgarian terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *kewh₂-",
"Bulgarian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Bulgarian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Bulgarian transitive verbs",
"Bulgarian verb forms",
"Bulgarian verbs",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon"
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*kewh₂-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kewh₂-"
],
[
"*kauˀ-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Balto-Slavic/kauˀ-"
],
[
"*kovàti",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kovati"
],
[
"*kovàti",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kovati"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "sla-pro:*kovàti",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *kewh₂-\nProto-Indo-European *kowh₂-\nProto-Balto-Slavic *kauˀ-der.\nProto-Slavic *kovàti\nBulgarian кова\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*kowh₂-\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*kewh₂-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*kauˀ-\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*kovàti\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Bulgarian\", \"term\" : \"кова\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"bg\" }\" data-lang=\"bg\" data-title=\"кова\">\nInherited from Proto-Slavic *kovàti.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *kewh₂-\nProto-Indo-European *kowh₂-\nProto-Balto-Slavic *kauˀ-der.\nProto-Slavic *kovàti\nBulgarian кова\nInherited from Proto-Slavic *kovàti.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "кова́",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "ková",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "verb form",
"head": "кова́"
},
"expansion": "кова́ • (ková)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Forms linking to themselves"
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "ková",
"word": "кова́"
}
],
"glosses": [
"second/third-person singular aorist indicative of кова́ (ková)"
],
"links": [
[
"кова́",
"кова#Bulgarian"
]
],
"tags": [
"aorist",
"form-of",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[koˈvɤ]"
},
{
"ipa": "[koˈva]"
}
],
"word": "кова"
}
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"*kovati",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kovati"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*kovati",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *kovati",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*kovati"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kovati",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kovati.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "кова third-singular present or",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"form": "kova",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "закова",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfective present",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "m",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ковал",
"roman": "koval",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "кован",
"roman": "kovan",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adjectival",
"aorist",
"participle"
]
},
{
"form": "ковала",
"roman": "kovala",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"imperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "ковајќи",
"roman": "kovajḱi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"aorist",
"participle"
]
},
{
"form": "ковало",
"roman": "kovalo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "ковање",
"roman": "kovanje",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "ковале",
"roman": "kovale",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ковано",
"roman": "kovano",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"participle",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "ковам",
"roman": "kovam",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ковав",
"roman": "kovav",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"first-person",
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "коваш",
"roman": "kovaš",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "коваше",
"roman": "kovaše",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ковај",
"roman": "kovaj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кова",
"roman": "kova",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "коваше",
"roman": "kovaše",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "коваме",
"roman": "kovame",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "ковавме",
"roman": "kovavme",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ковате",
"roman": "kovate",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ковавте",
"roman": "kovavte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ковајте",
"roman": "kovajte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "коваат",
"roman": "kovaat",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "коваа",
"roman": "kovaa",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "сум ковал",
"roman": "sum koval",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "present of сум (except in the 3ʳᵈ person) +",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "present of сум (except in the 3ʳᵈ person) +",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfect l-participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfect l-participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "имам ковано",
"roman": "imam kovano",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"present",
"има"
]
},
{
"form": "present of има + perfect participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"има"
]
},
{
"form": "present of има + perfect participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"има"
]
},
{
"form": "бев ковал",
"roman": "bev koval",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfect of сум + imperfect l-participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfect of сум + imperfect l-participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "имав ковано",
"roman": "imav kovano",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"present",
"има"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfect of има + perfect participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"има"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfect of има + perfect participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"има"
]
},
{
"form": "сум имал ковано",
"roman": "sum imal kovano",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"present",
"reported",
"има"
]
},
{
"form": "perfect of има + perfect participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"reported",
"има"
]
},
{
"form": "perfect of има + perfect participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"reported",
"има"
]
},
{
"form": "ќе ковам",
"roman": "ḱe kovam",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"imperfect",
"multiword-construction",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "ќе + present",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"future",
"multiword-construction"
]
},
{
"form": "ќе + present",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"imperative",
"multiword-construction"
]
},
{
"form": "ќе имам ковано",
"roman": "ḱe imam kovano",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"imperfect",
"multiword-construction",
"present",
"има"
]
},
{
"form": "future of има + perfect participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"future",
"multiword-construction",
"има"
]
},
{
"form": "future of има + perfect participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"imperative",
"multiword-construction",
"има"
]
},
{
"form": "ќе ковав",
"roman": "ḱe kovav",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"multiword-construction",
"past-future",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "ќе + imperfect",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"multiword-construction",
"past-future"
]
},
{
"form": "ќе + imperfect",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"multiword-construction",
"past-future"
]
},
{
"form": "ќе имав ковано",
"roman": "ḱe imav kovano",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"imperfect",
"multiword-construction",
"past",
"present",
"има"
]
},
{
"form": "future in the past of има + perfect participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"future",
"multiword-construction",
"past",
"има"
]
},
{
"form": "future in the past of има + perfect participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"imperative",
"multiword-construction",
"past",
"има"
]
},
{
"form": "ќе сум ковал",
"roman": "ḱe sum koval",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"imperfect",
"multiword-construction",
"present",
"reported"
]
},
{
"form": "ќе + imperfect l-participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"future",
"multiword-construction",
"reported"
]
},
{
"form": "ќе + imperfect l-participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"multiword-construction",
"reported"
]
},
{
"form": "ќе сум имал ковано",
"roman": "ḱe sum imal kovano",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"imperfect",
"multiword-construction",
"present",
"reported",
"има"
]
},
{
"form": "future reported of има + perfect participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"future",
"multiword-construction",
"reported",
"има"
]
},
{
"form": "future reported of има + perfect participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"multiword-construction",
"reported",
"има"
]
},
{
"form": "би ковал",
"roman": "bi koval",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"imperfect",
"multiword-construction",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "би + imperfect l-participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"conditional",
"multiword-construction"
]
},
{
"form": "би + imperfect l-participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"multiword-construction"
]
},
{
"form": "би имал ковано",
"roman": "bi imal kovano",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"imperfect",
"multiword-construction",
"present",
"има"
]
},
{
"form": "conditional of има + perfect participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"conditional",
"multiword-construction",
"има"
]
},
{
"form": "conditional of има + perfect participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"multiword-construction",
"има"
]
},
{
"form": "кове",
"roman": "kove",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "impf",
"pf": "закова"
},
"expansion": "кова • (kova) third-singular present, impf (perfective закова)",
"name": "mk-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Macedonian 2-syllable words",
"Macedonian entries with incorrect language header",
"Macedonian imperfective verbs",
"Macedonian lemmas",
"Macedonian paroxytone terms",
"Macedonian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Macedonian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Macedonian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Macedonian transitive verbs",
"Macedonian verbs",
"Macedonian verbs in -а",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"to hammer, nail down, forge"
],
"links": [
[
"hammer",
"hammer"
],
[
"nail down",
"nail down"
],
[
"forge",
"forge"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to hammer, nail down, forge"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈkɔva]"
}
],
"word": "кова"
}
Download raw JSONL data for кова meaning in All languages combined (38.0kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1089",
"msg": "suspicious unhandled suffix in Bulgarian: 'кова́ first-singular present indicative or', originally 'кова́ first-singular present indicative or impf'",
"path": [
"кова"
],
"section": "Bulgarian",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "кова",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1089",
"msg": "suspicious unhandled suffix in Bulgarian: 'кова́ first-singular present indicative or', originally 'кова́ first-singular present indicative or impf'",
"path": [
"кова"
],
"section": "Bulgarian",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "кова",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1147",
"msg": "suspicious related form tags ['imperfective', 'canonical']: 'кова́ first-singular present indicative or' in 'кова́ • (ková) first-singular present indicative, impf'",
"path": [
"кова"
],
"section": "Bulgarian",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "кова",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1089",
"msg": "suspicious unhandled suffix in Macedonian: 'кова third-singular present or', originally 'кова third-singular present or impf'",
"path": [
"кова"
],
"section": "Macedonian",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "кова",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1089",
"msg": "suspicious unhandled suffix in Macedonian: 'кова third-singular present or', originally 'кова third-singular present or impf'",
"path": [
"кова"
],
"section": "Macedonian",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "кова",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1147",
"msg": "suspicious related form tags ['imperfective', 'canonical']: 'кова third-singular present or' in 'кова • (kova) third-singular present, impf (perfective закова)'",
"path": [
"кова"
],
"section": "Macedonian",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "кова",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (1a05e46 and e3d6d4e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.